Student Leadership Measurement Library
The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a 20-item self-report questionnaire used to measure the emotions of the respondent at the present moment or during the past few weeks. The items are grouped into the two subscales with 10 items each: positive affect and negative affect. This tool was developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen from the Southern Methodist University and University of Minnesota.
Constructs Being Measured
How to Access and Cite
Contact the Teach For All TACL team for more information on this resource.
Outcome Families
Programmatic Purpose-terms
Instrument Characteristics
20 Likert-type items [5-point scale]
Children to adults
Applicable Grade Levels-terms
Supporting Research
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. Ohio State University Salovey et al., 2003; Pollard & Davidson, 2001 Selligman, 2011; Kern, et al., 2016
Available Languages
Rationale
Points to Consider
For more guidance on measuring student learning and best practices in adapting measurement tools to your contexts, check out the Portal page on Monitoring and Evaluation. You can also contact Alvin Vista (Knowledge Lead, Student Outcomes) and Robbie Dean (Director of Research) for specific questions.